Obesity in kids on rise

Tribune Staff Report

Philadelphia Tribune - Apr 01

A recent report noted that weight gain is associated with decreased physical fitness.

Researchers reported their findings during the American Heart Association’s 44th annual Conference on Cardiovascular Disease, Epidemiology and Prevention.

The researchers referred to excessive weight gain during childhood as a “vicious cycle” where children who lack physical activity are more likely to gain weight, but the weight gain impairs a child’s ability to be active.

“Obesity in children has dramatically increased in recent years. At the same time, physical fitness in children and adolescents has been declining,” said Maria Serrato, M.D., lead investigator and an attending cardiologist at both the University of Illinois at Chicago Medical Center and JHS Hospital of Cook County.

“We are also seeing the accelerated occurrence of type 2 diabetes in youth that once only occurred in adults.”

Weight gain that leads to obesity increases the risk of type 2 diabetes in adolescence. Obesity can also increase the risk of early development of joint problems and atherosclerosis.

The study of 525 children (303 boys and 222 girls) aged 4 to 18 years, evaluated for overweight or obesity to determine how it affects physical fitness in healthy children. About 12 percent of the children had body mass indexes (BMI) above the 95th percentile for their age and gender and were considered obese. The majority of these children were 30 to 40 pounds overweight.

The children’s endurance was tested by the Bruce treadmill protocol where they walked on a treadmill at varying speeds and inclines. When a child grew too tired, they stopped and left the treadmill.

Obesity had a significant impact on endurance for boys and girls at any age. The researcher found that boys who were obese had two minutes less treadmill time than non-obese boys. Obese girls had 1.5 minutes less treadmill time than non-obese girls. The researcher found that maximum heart rates at peak exercise were similar among the obese children and normal weight children.

“Our results indicate that obese children can be motivated to perform at the same maximum heart rate of non-obese children,” Serrato stated.

She noted that obese children reach maximum heart rate sooner since they are less fit.

“Most of the obese children in our study did not take gym nor did they participate in physical activities. Once they become overweight, they are much less likely to exercise,” Serrato said.

She said that children could be motivated through school or community center programs to become more physically active.

“If you expose them to such programs they can rise to the occasion,” she said.

“The results of weight loss and physical activity could be maintained through adulthood with resulting decrease in cardiovascular risk factors.”

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